ABC adds 14 new shows for next season

This publicity image released by ABC shows Clark Gregg, left, Brett Dalton, standing, and Chloe Bennet in a scene from "Marvel?s Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.," a new series picked up by ABC for the 2013-2014 season. (AP Photo/ABC, Bob D'Amico)

This publicity image released by ABC shows Clark Gregg, left, Brett Dalton, standing, and Chloe Bennet in a scene from "Marvel?s Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.," a new series picked up by ABC for the 2013-2014 season. (AP Photo/ABC, Bob D'Amico)

This TV publicity image released by ABC shows, from left, Liza Lapira, Lauren Ash and Rebel Wilson in a scene from the new series "Super Fun Night," premiering as part of the ABC fall line-up. (AP Photo/ABC, Colleen Hayes)

This TV publicity image released by ABC shows Sophie Lowe in a scene from "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland," a new spin off series from "Once Upon a Time," premiering as part of the fall 2013 line-up on ABC. (AP Photo/ABC, Jack Rowand)

NEW YORK (AP) ? ABC is cutting its aging "Dancing With the Stars" back to two hours and one night next season, creating a slot for a new drama series based on the Marvel Comics world that's aimed at expanding the network's audience, its programming chief said Tuesday.

Condensing the celebrity dancing contest on Monday night "opens up Tuesday for a pretty aggressive play," said Paul Lee, ABC Entertainment Group president, whose network became the third of the major broadcasters to announce its 2013-14 schedule. The network's entire Tuesday lineup for the fall is made up of new series.

"Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.," from hit-maker Joss Whedon of "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and "The Avengers" films, will help broaden the audience for ABC, which is the network leader among young adult women, Lee said. The comic-book based series presumably will attract some younger men to the network. "Dancing With the Stars" is big with older women.

The celebrity dancing contest, although still a ratings winner for ABC in its 16th season, has seen its overall audience decline and grow older, an issue for networks that get higher commercial ad rates for younger viewers.

Asked about how he felt putting "S.H.I.E.L.D." on at 8 p.m. EDT Tuesday against TV's top-rated drama, "NCIS" on CBS, Lee said the ABC drama will draw a different audience and has a built-in fan base from the Marvel franchise.

Among the other new dramas are "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland," a spinoff from the fairy tale series "Once Upon a Time," and the Stephen Spielberg-produced "Lucky 7," about a group of gas station employees who win the lottery.

Lee also touted the network's new comedies, especially "Super Fun Night," written by and starring "Bridesmaids" breakout star Rebel Wilson as a single young attorney, and "The Goldbergs," about a geeky preteen growing up in the 1980s who puts his family's antics on videotape.

ABC is introducing a total of 14 new shows next season, following other networks that also have hefty freshman programming slates: Fox said Monday it's adding 11 new shows and is making its largest financial investment ever, and NBC said it would introduce 17 new series.

ABC will take a less traditional approach to scheduling, Lee said, breaking some of its series into two sets of 12 episodes with a break between them to avoid airing repeats. The gap will be filled by limited-run shows, including dramas, he said.

His competitors also plan to make use of "event series," the new label for the once popular genre known as the miniseries. Fox said this week its plans include a limited-run return for "24" and the thriller "Wayward Pines" from filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan ("The Sixth Sense").

Other new ABC dramas include "Betrayal," about a photographer and her husband with political aspirations, with James Cromwell in the cast; "Killer Women," a Texas Rangers drama focused on a female ranger; "Mind Games," with Steve Zahn and Christian Slater as problem-solvers for hire; and "Resurrection," starring Omar Epps, about a small town where the dead return to life.

The new comedies include sitcom "Back in the Game," about a single mom and her estranged dad, played by James Caan; the singles sitcom "Mixology" and "Trophy Wife," starring Malin Akerman as a newlywed who gets a husband (Bradley Whitford) and three stepchildren.

Also on tap for next season is "The Quest," a reality series from producers whose credits include "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Amazing Race," and the special "Toy Story of Terror," which puts the characters from "Toy Story" on a scary road trip. Original cast members Tom Hanks and Tim Allen are among the voice actors.

The network's canceled series are "Body of Proof," ''Malibu Country" and "Happy Endings," which Lee called a favorite but which failed to draw ratings.

The network is bringing back 10 current series including "Once Upon a Time," ''Modern Family," ''Scandal," ''Grey's Anatomy," ''Castle" and "Nashville." Moves are afoot for "Last Man Standing" and "The Neighbors," which will air on Friday.

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Online:

http://www.abc.com

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2013-05-14-TV-ABC-New%20Season/id-0b7f81ed93ec4dc0b901ffc125a37a55

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Individual and small-chain restaurant meals exceed recommended daily calorie needs

May 13, 2013 ? As the restaurant industry prepares to implement new rules requiring chains with 20 or more locations to post calorie content information, the results of a new study suggest that it would be beneficial to public health for all restaurants to provide consumers with the nutritional content of their products. Researchers at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University analyzed meals from independent and small-chain restaurants, which account for approximately 50% of the nation's restaurant locations but will be exempt from the new federal rules. They found that the average single meal contained two to three times the estimated calorie needs of an individual adult at a single meal and 66% of typical daily calorie requirements.

The findings were published today in JAMA Internal Medicine.

Using the bomb calorimetry method, researchers analyzed 157 full meals, including side dishes, from 33 randomly selected individual or small-chain restaurants within 15 miles of downtown Boston, Massachusetts; all restaurants had an online menu but did not provide nutritional information. Researchers collected samples from the most popular food choices in the nine most common restaurant types: Mexican, American, Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Thai, Indian, Greek and Vietnamese. The study was conducted between June and August 2011. Specific meal items selected for the study were identified based on customer rankings and from internet searches for popular foods.

"On average, the meals studied contained 1,327 calories, which significantly exceeds the estimated energy needs of an individual adult at a single meal," said senior and corresponding author Susan B. Roberts, Ph.D., director of the Energy Metabolism Laboratory at the HNRCA. "Meals from all restaurant types provided substantially more energy than is needed for weight maintenance."

Nearly three-quarters (73%) of the meals analyzed contained more than half of the FDA's daily energy recommendation of 2,000 calories, and 12 meals contained more than the entire recommended daily energy intake. Among the meal categories studied, the Italian (1,755 calories), American (1,494 calories) and Chinese (1,474 calories) meals had the highest average calorie levels. Vietnamese meals had the lowest calorie levels as measured by gross energy, with an average of 922 calories. The Japanese meals had the second lowest calories, with an average of 1,027 calories.

Researchers also examined a subset of the independent or small-chain restaurant meals and found that their average calorie content was 6% higher than the stated energy contents of equivalent meals in the largest national chain restaurants; this difference was not statistically significant. On average, the meals served at independent or small-chain restaurants had 1,437 calories, compared to an average of 1,359 calories as self-reported by larger national chain restaurants. "These comparative findings suggest that both non-chain and chain restaurants contribute to the obesity epidemic, which is making people unhealthy and has a huge impact on health care costs," said Dr. Roberts, who is also a professor at the Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University and an adjunct professor of psychiatry at the Tufts University School of Medicine.

"National recommendations for the prevention and treatment of obesity stress individual self-monitoring of food consumption, but there is little available information on the energy content of foods offered by restaurants that are not required to post nutrition information," said first author Lorien Urban, Ph.D., postdoctoral scholar in the Energy Metabolism Laboratory at the USDA HNRCA. "Given that an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure of only 100 calories per day can lead to a weight gain of between six and fifteen pounds per year, our findings suggest that routine reporting of meal calorie content by all restaurants, not just large chains, would encourage individuals to make informed choices about their diet and would discourage restaurants from offering unhealthy portions."

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/3Wa1livuYD0/130513174005.htm

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Report: IRS knew tea party was targeted in 2011

WASHINGTON (AP) ? Senior Internal Revenue Service officials knew agents were targeting tea party groups as early as 2011, according to a draft of an inspector general's report obtained by The Associated Press that seemingly contradicts public statements by the IRS commissioner.

The IRS apologized Friday for what it acknowledged was "inappropriate" targeting of conservative political groups during the 2012 election to see if they were violating their tax-exempt status. The agency blamed low-level employees, saying no high-level officials were aware.

But on June 29, 2011, Lois G. Lerner, who heads the IRS division that oversees tax-exempt organizations, learned at a meeting that groups were being targeted, according to the watchdog's report. At the meeting, she was told that groups with "Tea Party," ''Patriot" or "9/12 Project" in their names were being flagged for additional and often burdensome scrutiny, the report says.

The 9-12 Project is a group started by conservative TV personality Glenn Beck.

Lerner instructed agents to change the criteria for flagging groups "immediately," the report says.

The Treasury Department's inspector general for tax administration is expected to release the results of a nearly yearlong investigation in the coming week. The AP obtained part of the draft report, which has been shared with congressional aides.

On Saturday, White House spokesman Jay Carney said in a statement that President Barack Obama is concerned that "a small number" of IRS employees may have fallen short of the high level of integrity expected of public servants.

"We understand that the matter is currently under review by the inspector general," Carney said. "If the inspector general finds that there were any rules broken or that conduct of government officials did not meet the standards required of them, the president expects that swift and appropriate steps will be taken to address any misconduct."

Among the other revelations, on Aug. 4, 2011, staffers in the IRS' Rulings and Agreements office "held a meeting with chief counsel so that everyone would have the latest information on the issue."

On Jan, 25, 2012, the criteria for flagging suspect groups was changed to, "political action type organizations involved in limiting/expanding Government, educating on the Constitution and Bill of Rights, social economic reform/movement," the report says.

While this was happening, several committees in Congress were writing numerous letters IRS Commissioner Douglas Shulman to express concern because tea party groups were complaining of IRS harassment.

In Shulman's responses, he did not acknowledge targeting of tea party groups. At a congressional hearing March 22, 2012, Shulman was adamant in his denials.

"There's absolutely no targeting. This is the kind of back and forth that happens to people" who apply for tax-exempt status, Shulman said at the House Ways and Means subcommittee hearing.

The portion of the draft report reviewed by the AP does not say whether Shulman or anyone else in the Obama administration outside the IRS was informed of the targeting. It is standard procedure for agency heads to consult with staff before responding to congressional inquiries, but it is unclear how much information Shulman sought.

The IRS has not said when Shulman found out that Tea Party groups were targeted.

Shulman was appointed by President George W. Bush, a Republican. His 6-year term ended in November. Obama has yet to nominate a successor. The agency is now run by an acting commissioner, Steven Miller.

The IRS said in a statement Saturday that the agency believes the timeline in the IG's report is correct, and supports what officials said Friday.

"IRS senior leadership was not aware of this level of specific details at the time of the March 2012 hearing," the statement said. "The timeline does not contradict the commissioner's testimony. While exempt organizations officials knew of the situation earlier, the timeline reflects that IRS senior leadership did not have this level of detail."

Lerner's position is three levels below the commissioner.

"The timeline supports what the IRS acknowledged on Friday that mistakes were made," the statement continued. "There were not partisan reasons behind this."

Rep. Charles Boustany, R-La., chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee's oversight subcommittee, said the report "raises serious questions as to who at IRS, Treasury and in the administration knew about this, why this practice was allowed to continue for as long as it did, and how widespread it was."

"This timeline reveals at least two extremely unethical actions by the IRS. One, as early as 2010, they targeted groups for political purposes. Two, they willfully and knowingly lied to Congress for years despite being aware that Congress was investigating this practice," Boustany said.

"This is an outrageous abuse of power. Going after organizations for referencing the Bill of Rights or expressing the intent to make this country a better place is repugnant," Boustany added. "There is no excuse for this behavior."

Several congressional committees have promised investigations, including the Ways and Means Committee, which plans to hold a hearing.

"The admission by the agency that it targeted American taxpayers based on politics is both shocking and disappointing," said Rep. Dave Camp, R-Mich., chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. "We will hold the IRS accountable for its actions."

The group Tea Party Patriots said the revelation was proof that the IRS had lied to Congress and the public when Schulman said there had been no targeting of tea party groups.

"We must know how many more lies they have been telling and how high up the chain the cover-up goes," Jenny Beth Martin, national coordinator for the group Tea Party Patriots, said in a statement Saturday.

"It appears the IRS committed crimes and violated our ability to exercise our First Amendment right to free speech. A simple apology is not sufficient reparation for violating the constitutional rights of United States citizens. Therefore, Tea Party Patriots rejects the apology from the Internal Revenue Service," Martin said. "We are, however, encouraged to hear that Congress plans to investigate. Those responsible must be held accountable and resign or be terminated for their actions."

Many conservative groups complained during the 2012 election that they were being harassed by the IRS. They accused the agency of frustrating their attempts to become tax exempt by sending them lengthy, intrusive questionnaires.

The forms, which the groups have made available, sought information about group members' political activities, including details of their postings on social networking websites and about family members.

In some cases, the IRS acknowledged, agents inappropriately asked for lists of donors.

There has been a surge of politically active groups claiming tax-exempt status in recent elections ? conservative and liberal. Among the highest profile are Republican Karl Rove's group Crossroads GPS and the liberal Moveon.org.

These groups claim tax-exempt status under section 501 (c) (4) of the federal tax code, which is for social welfare groups. Unlike other charitable groups, these organizations are allowed to participate in political activities, but their primary activity must be social welfare.

That determination is up to the IRS.

The number of groups filing for this tax-exempt status more than doubled from 2010 to 2012, to more than 3,400. To handle the influx, the IRS centralized its review of these applications in an office in Cincinnati.

Lerner said on Friday this was done to develop expertise among staffers and consistency in their reviews. As part of the review, staffers look for signs that groups are participating in political activity. If so, IRS agents take a closer look to make sure that politics isn't the group's primary activity.

As part of this process, agents in Cincinnati came up with a list of things to look for in an application. As part of the list, they included the words "tea party" and "patriot," Lerner said.

"It's the line people that did it without talking to managers," Lerner told the AP on Friday. "They're IRS workers, they're revenue agents."

In all, about 300 groups were singled out for additional review, Lerner said. Of those, about a quarter were singled out because they had "tea party" or "patriot" somewhere in their applications.

Lerner said 150 of the cases have been closed and no group had its tax-exempt status revoked, though some withdrew their applications.

___

Follow Stephen Ohlemacher on Twitter: http://twitter.com/stephenatap

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ap-exclusive-irs-knew-tea-party-targeted-2011-190852283.html

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LinkedIn (for Android)

• Pros

  Puts just about every aspect of the LinkedIn website onto your Android phone. Fantastic tool for keeping business relationships active and up-to-date. One of the most important job search sites. Free.

• Cons Can't customize new invitations to connect.
• Bottom Line

  LinkedIn remains one of the most important online networks for professionals to join, and the supremely thorough Android app helps you stay on top of business relationships like none other.

By Jill Duffy

LinkedIn is one of the most important online networks for professionals to join. My complete review of the LinkedIn website explains why, but, in brief, it's the foremost way to stay on top of business relationships. Having access to that network, and all the details of your important relationships at your fingertips when en route to a meeting or while at a large conference is invaluable. The LinkedIn Android app is an essential tool for business professionals no matter which industries are the core focus of their work. The app is very nearly as comprehensive as the website, giving you ways to add new contacts quickly and stay in sync with all the professional changes happening to the people who matter most. Its implementation took to heart best practices in software design so that everything you'd need is simple to find and easy to do.

When first installed, the LinkedIn app asks if you want to sync LinkedIn with your contacts, an expected feature to be sure, and you can leave it set to off if you have any privacy concerns about giving LinkedIn too much access to your phone.

For a mobile app, LinkedIn for Android offers a surprising amount of functionality. It shows you just about everything you can find in the website: people who have viewed your profile (with some limitations in a free account), pending invitations to connect, jobs that might interest you, recent changes and activity in your network, a news feed of updates, and more.? You can add custom shortcuts in the right-side tray of the app to some of these information gateways, which is one of my favorite features. I personally like to keep an eye on people who have recently viewed my profile, and the shortcut let me get to that information effortlessly.

Two Quibbles
Two things you can't do in the app that you can do online are customize an invitation to connect and endorse people's skills. I don't mind not being able to endorse skills so much, as I thought that addition to the website was rather silly in the first place (My best guess about why that feature exists is that previously, users weren't writing enough "recommendations" of one another, or that they were too long and no one used them. So LinkedIn added the ability to quickly "endorse" someone for having certain skills as a way to keep community validation alive. I just find that often, people endorse me for the most ridiculous skills that I don't even have...)

The inability to customize a message when requesting someone "link" with you is a poor choice, though. I loathe it because when I get an invitation with a canned message that doesn't contain any context about how the person knows me, I trash it. On the website, sometimes you can write your own note, and other times you can't, depending on where you accessed the invite button, and this, too, I wish were more consistent. I want to never send a message without at least having the opportunity to see and edit what will be sent on my behalf. The details of our communication with business partners and colleagues couldn't be more important.

An Essential App
LinkedIn remains one of the most important online networks for professionals to join, whether they're searching for a job or trying to actively stay informed of what's happening in the professional lives of people who matter. The LinkedIn Android app is supremely thorough, a clear Editors' Choice, and an essential app for just about everyone. Sure, a few details could use some tweaking, but they don't stop the number-one professional network from being totally relevant to mobile users.

Other LinkedIn Corporation Android Apps

By Jill Duffy Analyst, Software

Jill Duffy is an analyst in the software, Internet, and networking team, specializing in productivity software, iOS, and apps and gadgets for health and fitness. She writes the weekly Get Organized column, with tips on...

Subscribing to a newsletter, constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. ');}} '); } }

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/NnGctn0_vUU/0,2817,2417904,00.asp

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EA Closing Facebook Games; Microsoft's Smart Watch; Apple's Highest Paid Execs

Topping tech headlines on Monday, Electronic Arts announced that it will close three of its Facebook-based games on June 14.

A drop in user activity forced EA to close Playfish titles The Sims Social, SimCity Social, and Pet Society. The relatively new games mark the last of the Playfish titles still standing; the rest have been shut down already, or are scheduled for closing. The company is urging users to spend their remaining balance of in-game currency over the next two months, before it is rendered useless. EA is still developing new titles for Facebook, often in partnership with PopCap, which helped build Bejeweled Blitz, Solitaire Blitz, and the recently announced Plants vs. Zombies Adventures.

In other social network news, Facebook and the National Association of Attorneys General (NAAG) partnered for a new campaign intended to promote privacy and safety online. Beginning today, 20 AGs and Facebook Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg are circulating state-specific public service announcements, as well as an Internet safety tip sheet answering questions about privacy, bullying prevention, and overall Internet safety.

Meanwhile, Microsoft is reportedly prepping a touch-based, smart watch, and has placed orders for 1.5-inch displays. However, a source who spoke with the Wall Street Journal was unable to confirm whether or not this activity means that Microsoft plans to offer the supposed smart watches commercially anytime soon.

In financial news, a new report proves that it's a good time to be an Apple executive. Four of the five highest-paid employees at Standard & Poor's 500 companies last year were senior execs at Apple, according to Bloomberg, which examined fiscal 2012 compensation figures filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Also making headlines:

• Cell Service Still Up in Boston After Deadly Bombings: Police reportedly shut down cell phone service to prevent remote detonations of more bombs after the deadly Boston Marathon bombings, but Sprint and Verizon said service was still "operating normally" in the city.
• Adobe Releases Lightroom 5 Beta: The popular pro photo workflow application gets better local adjustments and more efficient preview editing.
• YouTube Gets Nostalgic With 'VHS Mode': In honor of the 57th anniversary of the first commercial video cassette recorder, YouTube is offering "VHS mode" on several of its videos.
• Microsoft, Lionsgate Partner for 'Hunger Games Explorer': Microsoft and Lionsgate have teamed up to bring the interactive world of The Hunger Games: Catching Fire movie directly to Internet Explorer.
• Dish Makes $25.5 Billion Bid for Sprint: Dish Network made a bid for Sprint Nextel in an effort to derail the mobile carrier's deal with SoftBank.
• Report: Foxconn Ramps Up Hiring Ahead of New iPhone: Foxconn has reportedly reversed a hiring freeze it imposed in February as the manufacturer ramps up to produce Apple's new iPhone.
• Anonymous Targets North Korea (Again): Anonymous found its way back to North Korea, less than two weeks after the "hacktivist" group disrupted several of the country's social media accounts.
• Comcast Rolls Out Basic Cable Encryption: Several months after the FCC approved an order that allows cable companies to encrypt basic cable tiers, Comcast has moved ahead with plans to do just that.
• Kobo Reveals Aura HD, 'Porsche of eReaders': Kobo announced its limited-edition Aura HD e-ink reader, which it said includes the highest resolution e-ink display currently on the market.
• Video: Granny Gives Oculus Rift the Thumbs Up: A viral video turned up of a 90-year-old grandmother test-driving the Oculus Rift virtual reality headset and apparently having her mind good and blown.
• 7 (Fictional) Computers That Changed Our World: With Google reportedly prepping its own version of the Star Trek computer, here's a look back at 7 fictional supercomputers that shaped our culture.

Source: http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2417807,00.asp?kc=PCRSS05039TX1K0000760

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Recipe for large numbers of stem cells requires only one ingredient

Apr. 17, 2013 ? Stem cells and tissue-specific cells can be grown in abundance from mature mammalian cells simply by blocking a certain membrane protein, according to scientists at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Their experiments, reported today in Scientific Reports, also show that the process doesn't require other kinds of cells or agents to artificially support cell growth and doesn't activate cancer genes.

Scientists hope lab-grown stem cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which have the ability to produce specialized cells such as neurons and cardiac cells, could one day be used to treat diseases and repair damaged tissues, said co-author Jeffrey S. Isenberg, M.D., associate professor, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pitt School of Medicine.

"Even though stem cells are able to self-renew, they are quite challenging to grow in the lab," he said. "Often you have to use feeder cells or introduce viral vectors to artificially create the conditions needed for these cells to survive and thrive."

In 2008, prior to joining Pitt, Dr. Isenberg was working in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) lab of senior author David D. Roberts, Ph.D., using agents that block a membrane protein called CD47 to explore their effects on blood vessels. He noticed that when cells from the lining of the lungs, called endothelium, had been treated with a CD47 blocker, they stayed healthy and maintained their growth and function for months.

Dr. Roberts' NIH team continued to experiment with CD47 blockade, focusing on defining the underlying molecular mechanisms that control cell growth.

They found that endothelial cells obtained from mice lacking CD47 multiplied readily and thrived in a culture dish, unlike those from control mice. Lead author Sukhbir Kaur, Ph.D., discovered that this resulted from increased expression of four genes that are regarded to be essential for formation of iPS cells. When placed into a defined growth medium, cells lacking CD47 spontaneously formed clusters characteristic of iPS cells. By then introducing various growth factors into the culture medium, these cells could be directed to become cells of other tissue types. Despite their vigorous growth, they didn't form tumors when injected into mice, a major disadvantage when using existing iPS cells.

"Stem cells prepared by this new procedure should be much safer to use in patients," Dr. Roberts noted. "Also, the technique opens up opportunities to treat various illnesses by injecting a drug that stimulates patients to make more of their own stem cells."

According to Dr. Isenberg, "These experiments indicate that we can take a primary human or other mammalian cell, even a mature adult cell, and by targeting CD47 turn on its pluripotent capability. We can get brain cells, liver cells, muscle cells and more. In the short term, they could be a boon for a variety of research questions in the lab."

In the future, blocking CD47 might make it possible to generate large numbers of healthy cells for therapies, such as alternatives to conventional bone marrow transplantation and complex tissue and organ bioengineering, he added.

"These exciting findings provide a rationale for using CD47 blocking therapies to increase stem cell uptake and survival in transplanted organs, matrix grafts, or other applications," said Mark Gladwin, M.D., professor and chief, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pitt School of Medicine. "This continues a strong and productive collaboration between investigators at the NCI and the University of Pittsburgh's Vascular Medicine Institute."

Co-authors of the paper include David R. Soto-Pantoja, Ph.D., Michael L. Pendrak, Ph.D., Alina Nicolae, M.D., Ph.D., Zuqin Nie, Ph.D., and David Levens, M.D., Ph.D., of the National Cancer Institute (NCI); Erica V. Stein, B.S., M.Ed., of NCI and George Washington University; Chengyu Liu, Ph.D., of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; Abdel G. Elkahloun, Ph.D., of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); and Satya P. Singh, Ph.D., of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Sukhbir Kaur, David R. Soto-Pantoja, Erica V. Stein, Chengyu Liu, Abdel G. Elkahloun, Michael L. Pendrak, Alina Nicolae, Satya P. Singh, Zuqin Nie, David Levens, Jeffrey S. Isenberg, David D. Roberts. Thrombospondin-1 Signaling through CD47 Inhibits Self-renewal by Regulating c-Myc and Other Stem Cell Transcription Factors. Scientific Reports, 2013; 3 DOI: 10.1038/srep01673

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/2U0OelYpsXM/130417092134.htm

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DownWithTyranny!: How Unfair Are Taxes?

Today is tax day. I got mine in on time. Most Americans-- barely most Americans (55%)-- think they pay a fair amount of taxes. That's a decrease from around 60% in recent years. Democrats, independents, liberals and moderates all tend to feel the system is fair. Needless to say, Republicans and conservatives feel they pay too much. An OpEd by James Livingston in Sunday's NY Times made a good suggestion that would make most people feel much better about paying their income taxes: "why not tax corporations as if they were natural persons, in accordance with their newly discovered rights of free speech?"

Indeed, we used to do just that. For most of the 1950s, corporate income at large companies was taxed at 52 percent, according to the nonpartisan Tax Policy Center. The federal government, meanwhile, collected about a third of its revenues from this source. Today, thanks largely to the ?reforms? ushered in by President Ronald Reagan, the ostensible tax rate on corporate income is no higher than 35 percent-- and the corporate-tax share of federal revenue has fallen to about 9 percent.

...By slashing corporate income taxes and forcing a new reliance on payroll taxes to finance government spending, we have redistributed income to the already wealthy and powerful. Our tax system has actually fostered inequality.

The fiscal problem we face is not, then, a lack of revenue sources. We can finance any amount of transfer payments and ?entitlements? by taxing corporations? profits in the same way we tax personal income, using a progressive formula. If necessary, give them a mortgage deduction-- they already get something like it in the form of accelerated depreciation allowances on their purchases of capital equipment-- but make them pay higher taxes on their income. Do that, and the federal deficit goes away.

The now-familiar objection to a tax increase on corporate profits is that it will discourage private investment and thus dampen job creation. The retort is just as obvious: since when have tax cuts on corporate profits led to increased investment, faster job creation and higher per capita consumption out of rising real wages? It didn?t happen after the Reagan Revolution, it didn?t happen during the Clinton boom of the 1990s, and it sure didn?t happen under George W. Bush.

Nor is it happening now, as corporate profits soar and full-time job creation languishes. American corporations are now sitting on $4.75 trillion in cash, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

The other well-worn objection to an increase of corporate income taxes is that it would encourage companies to invest and hire overseas, where tax rates are presumably lower. Here, too, the retort is obvious: the tax code already works exactly this way by postponing taxes until profits from investment overseas are repatriated. American companies routinely avoid taxation by moving their idle cash offshore.

In view of these facts, there?s no downside to replacing payroll taxes with increased taxes on corporate profits, wherever they?re made or held. By doing so, we make the tax code more progressive, and mobilize capital that is otherwise inert. In other words, we can lay solid foundations for economic growth simply by going back to the tax principles we used to have. What could be more conservative than that?

Nobel-winning economist Joseph Stigliz isn't a Republican or a conservative, but he also feels the tax system is unfair-- stacked against the working class and the middle class. He reminds us that Oliver Wendell Holmes said that taxes are the price we pay for civilized society. "But in recent decades," writes Stiglitz, "the burden for paying that price has been distributed in increasingly unfair ways... [P]ut simply, the very rich don?t pay their fair share."

The richest 400 individual taxpayers, with an average income of more than $200 million, pay less than 20 percent of their income in taxes-- far lower than mere millionaires, who pay about 25 percent of their income in taxes, and about the same as those earning a mere $200,000 to $500,000. And in 2009, 116 of the top 400 earners-- almost a third-- paid less than 15 percent of their income in taxes.

...What should shock and outrage us is that as the top 1 percent has grown extremely rich, the effective tax rates they pay have markedly decreased. Our tax system is much less progressive than it was for much of the 20th century. The top marginal income tax rate peaked at 94 percent during World War II and remained at 70 percent through the 1960s and 1970s; it is now 39.6 percent. Tax fairness has gotten much worse in the 30 years since the Reagan ?revolution? of the 1980s.

...With such low effective tax rates ? and, importantly, the low tax rate of 20 percent on income from capital gains-- it?s not a huge surprise that the share of income going to the top 1 percent has doubled since 1979, and that the share going to the top 0.1 percent has almost tripled, according to the economists Thomas Piketty and Emmanuel Saez. Recall that the wealthiest 1 percent of Americans own about 40 percent of the nation?s wealth, and the picture becomes even more disturbing.

If these numbers still don?t impress you as being unfair, consider them in comparison with other wealthy countries.

The United States stands out among the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the world?s club of rich nations, for its low top marginal income tax rate. These low rates are not essential for growth-- consider Germany, for instance, which has managed to maintain its status as a center of advanced manufacturing, even though its top income-tax rate exceeds America?s by a considerable margin. And in general, our top tax rate kicks in at much higher incomes. Denmark, for example, has a top tax rate of more than 60 percent, but that applies to anyone making more than $54,900. The top rate in the United States, 39.6 percent, doesn?t kick in until individual income reaches $400,000 (or $450,000 for a couple). Only three O.E.C.D. countries-- South Korea, Canada and Spain-- have higher thresholds.

Most of the Western world has experienced an increase in inequality in recent decades, though not as much as the United States has. But among most economists there is a general understanding that a country with excessive inequality can?t function well; many countries have used their tax codes to help ?correct? the market?s distribution of wealth and income. The United States hasn?t-- or at least not very much. Indeed, the low rates at the top serve to exacerbate and perpetuate the inequality-- so much so that among the advanced industrial countries, America now has the highest income inequality and the least equality of opportunity. This is a gross inversion of America?s traditional meritocratic ideals-- ideals that our leaders, across the spectrum, continue to profess.

Over the years, some of the wealthy have been enormously successful in getting special treatment, shifting an ever greater share of the burden of financing the country?s expenditures-- defense, education, social programs-- onto others. Ironically, this is especially true of some of our multinational corporations, which call on the federal government to negotiate favorable trade treaties that allow them easy entry into foreign markets and to defend their commercial interests around the world, but then use these foreign bases to avoid paying taxes.

...Economists often eschew the word ?fair?-- fairness, like beauty, is in the eye of the beholder. But the unfairness of the American tax system has gotten so great that it?s dishonest to apply any other label to it.

Traditionally, economists have focused less on issues of equality than on the more mundane issues of growth and efficiency. But here again, our tax system comes in with low marks. Our growth was higher in the era of high top marginal tax rates than it has been since 1980. Economists-- even at traditional, conservative international institutions like the International Monetary Fund-- have come to realize that excessive inequality is bad for growth and stability. The tax system can play an important role in moderating the degree of inequality. Ours, however, does remarkably little about it.

One of the reasons for our poor economic performance is the large distortion in our economy caused by the tax system. The one thing economists agree on is that incentives matter-- if you lower taxes on speculation, say, you will get more speculation. We?ve drawn our most talented young people into financial shenanigans, rather than into creating real businesses, making real discoveries, providing real services to others. More efforts go into ?rent-seeking?-- getting a larger slice of the country?s economic pie-- than into enlarging the size of the pie.

Research in recent years has linked the tax rates, sluggish growth and rising inequality. Remember, the low tax rates at the top were supposed to spur savings and hard work, and thus economic growth. They didn?t. Indeed, the household savings rate fell to a record level of near zero after President George W. Bush?s two rounds of cuts, in 2001 and 2003, on taxes on dividends and capital gains. What low tax rates at the top did do was increase the return on rent-seeking. It flourished, which meant that growth slowed and inequality grew. This is a pattern that has now been observed across countries. Contrary to the warnings of those who want to preserve their privileges, countries that have increased their top tax bracket have not grown more slowly. Another piece of evidence is here at home: if the efforts at the top were resulting in our entire economic engine?s doing better, we would expect everyone to benefit. If they were engaged in rent-seeking, as their incomes increased, we?d expect that of others to decrease. And that?s exactly what?s been happening. Incomes in the middle, and even the bottom, have been stagnating or falling.

Aside from the evidence, there is a strong intuitive case to be made for the idea that tax rates have encouraged rent-seeking at the expense of wealth creation. There is an intrinsic satisfaction in creating a new business, in expanding the horizons of our knowledge, and in helping others. By contrast, it is unpleasant to spend one?s days fine-tuning dishonest and deceptive practices that siphon money off the poor, as was common in the financial sector before the 2007-8 financial crisis. I believe that a vast majority of Americans would, all things being equal, choose the former over the latter. But our tax system tilts the field. It increases the net returns from engaging in some of these intrinsically distasteful activities, and it has helped us become a rent-seeking society.

It doesn?t have to be this way. We could have a much simpler tax system without all the distortions-- a society where those who clip coupons for a living pay the same taxes as someone with the same income who works in a factory; where someone who earns his income from saving companies pays the same tax as a doctor who makes the income by saving lives; where someone who earns his income from financial innovations pays the same taxes as a someone who does research to create real innovations that transform our economy and society. We could have a tax system that encourages good things like hard work and thrift and discourages bad things, like rent-seeking, gambling, financial speculation and pollution. Such a tax system could raise far more money than the current one ? we wouldn?t have to go through all the wrangling we?ve been going through with sequestration, fiscal cliffs and threats to end Medicare and Social Security as we know it. We would be in sound fiscal position, for at least the next quarter-century.

The consequences of our broken tax system are not just economic. Our tax system relies heavily on voluntary compliance. But if citizens believe that the tax system is unfair, this voluntary compliance will not be forthcoming. More broadly, government plays an important role not just in social protection, but in making investments in infrastructure, technology, education and health. Without such investments, our economy will be weaker, and our economic growth slower.

Society can?t function well without a minimal sense of national solidarity and cohesion, and that sense of shared purpose also rests on a fair tax system. If Americans believe that government is unfair-- that ours is a government of the 1 percent, for the 1 percent, and by the 1 percent-- then faith in our democracy will surely perish.

Remember, the top 60 multinational companies would have paid $455 billion in taxes if they didn't hide profits offshore

UPDATE: A Tax Day Guest Post From Frank Clemente

Wanna stop the cuts? Let's talk corporations

by Frank Clemente, Campaign Manager, Americans for Tax Fairness

While there is good reason for progressives to fight like hell to protect cuts to Social Security, Medicare and other vital programs following the release of President Obama?s budget, we always seem to find ourselves on defense. It?s time to go on offense to protect vital services and benefits and to promote a more just economy by making sure that big corporations and the richest 2 percent pay their fair share in taxes.

For the past two weeks, Americans for Tax Fairness-- a coalition representing more than 280 national and state groups co-chaired by the Center for American Progress, AFSCME and National People?s Action-- has been stepping up pressure on Congress to raise $ 1 trillion, in part by closing corporate tax loopholes. We?ve been exposing a ?Corporate Tax Dodger of the Day? leading into April 15-- the always stressful ?Tax Day.?

It?s not always the preferred topic-- raising taxes-- but let?s face it: millions of working families pay more in taxes some years, or pay a much higher income tax rate, than some of the biggest and most profitable corporations in America pay. Think ExxonMobil, General Electric, FedEx, Verizon, Wells Fargo and more. That?s wrong and I know I?m talking to folks who agree.

Today our coalition released a report that highlights a top ten list of companies screwing over the rest of us.

So where do we go from here? Let?s start with the release of President Obama?s budget. There were a lot of good things in Obama?s budget about taxes. He would raise more than $600 billion over the next 10 years from the richest 3 percent, mainly by limiting their tax deductions to the same rate as middle-class Americans. And he would close nearly $350 billion in corporate tax loopholes that go to companies that shift profits and jobs overseas, subsidize polluters, and coddle Wall Street.

Unfortunately, the President did not propose to use the savings from closing those corporate tax loopholes to protect Social Security or to reduce the deficit. Instead he has proposed that the money saved be plowed right back to corporations by lowering their income tax rate and by providing other subsidies. That?s unfair. And it?s just plain misguided.

Average Americans believe in fairness. Everything we care about-- healthcare, education, roads, public safety-- depends on a shared investment and everyone paying their fair share of taxes. That?s why our campaign isn?t just working inside the beltway, we?re in communities and neighborhoods across the country.

Let me be blunt: We need your help. Now is the time for us to mobilize to make sure corporations pay up. On Tax Day our coalition will mobilize events in over two dozen states under the brand "WHO PAYS" that show how tax breaks for the rich and loopholes for corporations increase burdens on our families. Details of the events are online but even if there is not something happening near you, please join us and keep involved in this fight as it builds over the next few weeks.

Source: http://downwithtyranny.blogspot.com/2013/04/how-unfair-are-taxes.html

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